介词
for
- 表示目的或原因:
- I bought this book for studying.
- 表示时间段:
- I will be away for a week.
- 表示接受或授予:
- She received an award for her hard work.
- 表示代替或代表:
- He spoke for his company at the meeting.
on
- 表示位置或方向:
- The book is on the table.
- 表示日期或时间:
- My birthday is on the 5th of May.
- 表示主题或话题:
- Let’s have a discussion on this topic.
- 表示参与或加入:
- I am on the team.
in
- 表示位置或区域:
- He lives in New York City.
- 表示时间段:
- I will finish this project in a week.
- 表示状态或情况:
- I am in a good mood today.
- 表示包含或归属:
- I found a letter in my mailbox.
to
- 表示移动或方向:
- I am going to the store.
- 表示接收者:
- I sent the email to my boss.
- 表示比较:
- This book is better than that one.
- 表示目的:
- I am studying English to improve my language skills.
by
- 表示通过某种方式、手段、工具等,表示动作的实现方式。
- He sent the letter by email. (他通过电子邮件发送了信。)
- She cooked dinner by using the oven. (她通过使用烤箱烤制了晚餐。)
- 表示由某人或某事物完成或产生,表示被动或者介绍某个动作的主体。
- The book was written by a famous author. (这本书是由一位著名作家写的。)
- The car was repaired by the mechanic. (这辆车是由修理工修理的。)
- 表示在某个时间、地点或者条件下进行某个动作或发生某个事件。
- The concert will be held by the river. (音乐会将在河边举行。)
- We will have dinner by 7 pm. (我们会在晚上7点前吃晚饭。)
- She can finish the work by tomorrow. (她可以在明天前完成这项工作。)
介词的比较
for和to在表示目的上的区别
表示目的的介词 “for” 和 “to” 在使用中有一些区别,虽然它们有时可以互换,但在某些情况下,使用其中一个可能更恰当。
- For:表示更加广泛和抽象的目的。
- I am studying English for my career. (为了我的职业生涯,学习英语是一个更加广泛和抽象的目的)
- He bought a gift for his girlfriend. (为了送给女友礼物,更加广泛和抽象的目的)
- To 表示更加具体和明确的目的。
- I am studying English to pass my exam. (为了通过考试这个更具体和明确的目的)
- He bought flowers to apologize to his girlfriend. (为了向女友道歉这个更具体和明确的目的)
- To 还可以表示移动或方向,表示要去哪个地方,而 for则不可以。
- I am going to the store for some groceries. (我去商店是为了买些食品杂货)
- I am going to the gym to work out. (我去健身房是为了锻炼)
for和in在表示时间段上的区别
- For 表示持续时间或一段时间的长度。
- I have been studying English for three years. (我已经学习英语三年了)
- She will be on vacation for two weeks. (她将度假两个星期)
- We watched a movie for two hours. (我们看了两个小时的电影)
- In表示一个事件或活动发生的时间或时间段。
- I will finish this project in a week. (我将在一周内完成这个项目)
- My birthday is in April. (我的生日是在四月)
- We are having a meeting in the afternoon. (我们下午开会)
in和on在表示位置上的区别
- In 表示人或物体在某个区域或范围内。—侧重在范围内
- The book is in the library. (书在图书馆内部)
- The pencil is in the pencil case. (铅笔在铅笔盒里)
- on 则表示人或物体在某个表面上。—侧重接触
- The picture is on the wall. (图片在墙上表面)
- The cup is on the table. (杯子在桌子上表面)
across、through、over的区别
- across是从表面穿过
- through是从内部穿过
- over是从上方越过